The choice of a modulation method and pulse-shaping scheme depends greatly on the availability of the spectrum, the desired data rate, and the radio channel itself. In turn, the modulation method ...

Testing can be one of the most problematic steps in a design chain. When new technologies emerge, test equipment usually lags a step behind. As such, it is imperative that test equipment become more ...

In this section we introduce the tools necessary to evaluate and compare various analog voice modulation systems. In order to better understand the factors affecting speech intelligibility, we briefly ...

A signal generator, a general-purpose piece of test equipment, performs numerous measurements for a variety of applications requiring electromagnetic wave signals as stimuli. Its roots trace back to ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...